What was still a hypothetical scenario few months ago has now become reality: the Dutch citizens rejected the approval of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (AA) with a majority of 61 % and with a turnout of 32.28 %. As a result, the referendum is considered “valid” under the Dutch Advisory Referendum Act (DAR) and it is now for the Dutch government to decide “as soon as possible” upon the actual implications of this result. Before analyzing the potential legal options, some preliminary remarks are in place.